Birtaniya ita ce kasa ta farko a duniya da ta cimma nasarar samar da wutar lantarkin da ba za ta iya samar da wutar lantarki ba, kuma ita ce kasa daya tilo da ta samu sauye-sauye daga manyan masana'antun sarrafa kwal tare da samar da wutar lantarki mai hade da kwayoyin halitta zuwa manyan kwal. kora wutar lantarki da 100% tsarki biomass man fetur.

A cikin 2019, an rage yawan wutar lantarki a Burtaniya daga 42.06% a cikin 2012 zuwa 1.9% kawai. A halin yanzu riƙe wutar lantarkin gawayi ya samo asali ne saboda kwanciyar hankali da aminci na grid, kuma samar da wutar lantarki ta biomass ya kai kashi 6.25% (waɗanda ke samar da wutar lantarki ta China Adadin ya kai kusan kashi 0.6%). A cikin 2020, za a sami tashoshin wutar lantarki guda biyu kawai (West Burton da Ratcliffe) a cikin Burtaniya don ci gaba da amfani da gawayi a matsayin mai don samar da wutar lantarki. A cikin shirye-shiryen tsarin wutar lantarki na Burtaniya, samar da wutar lantarki na biomass zai kai kashi 16% a nan gaba.

1. Tarihin samar da wutar lantarki mai hade da biomass a Burtaniya

A cikin 1989, Burtaniya ta ƙaddamar da Dokar Wutar Lantarki (Dokar Lantarki ta 1989), musamman bayan shigar da Noe-Fossil Fuel Obligatio (NFFO) cikin Dokar Lantarki, a hankali Burtaniya tana da cikakkiyar tsari na ƙarfafa ƙarfafawa da manufofin hukunci don samar da makamashi. NFFO ya zama dole ta hanyar doka don buƙatar masana'antar wutar lantarki ta Burtaniya don samar da wani kaso na makamashi mai sabuntawa ko makamashin nukiliya (wanda ba burbushin wutar lantarki ba).

A cikin 2002, Sabunta Wajibi (RO) ya maye gurbin wajibcin mai ba burbushin mai (NFFO). Bisa asali, RO ya kebe makamashin nukiliya, kuma yana ba da lamuni mai sabuntawa (ROCs) (Lura: kwatankwacin takardar shaidar kore ta kasar Sin) don samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar makamashi mai sabuntawa don sarrafawa kuma ana buƙatar samar da wasu kaso na makamashin da za a iya sabuntawa. Ana iya cinikin takaddun shaida na ROC tsakanin masu samar da wutar lantarki, kuma waɗannan kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki waɗanda ba su da isasshen makamashin da za a iya sabunta su don samar da wutar lantarki za su sayi ROC da suka wuce gona da iri daga wasu kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki ko kuma su fuskanci tarar gwamnati. Da farko, ROC ɗaya yana wakiltar digiri dubu ɗaya na ƙarfin sabuntawa. A shekara ta 2009, ROC za ta kasance mafi sassauƙa wajen yin awo bisa ga nau'ikan fasahohin samar da wutar lantarki da ake sabunta su. Bugu da kari, gwamnatin Biritaniya ta fitar da tsarin noman amfanin gona a shekarar 2001, wanda ke ba da tallafi ga manoma don noman amfanin gona mai kuzari, kamar shrubs makamashi da ciyawa makamashi.

A cikin 2004, Ƙasar Ingila ta amince da manufofin masana'antu masu dacewa don ƙarfafa manyan masana'antun wutar lantarki masu amfani da kwal don gudanar da samar da wutar lantarki mai hade da kwayoyin halitta da kuma amfani da man biomass don auna tallafin. Wannan dai iri daya ne da a wasu kasashen turai, amma ya sha bamban da tallafin da kasata ke bayarwa na samar da wutar lantarki.

A cikin 2012, tare da zurfafa ayyukan biomass, samar da wutar lantarki mai haɗaka da biomass a cikin United Kingdom sun canza zuwa manyan masana'antar wutar lantarki masu ƙonewa 100% mai tsaftataccen mai.

2. Hanyar fasaha

Dangane da gogewa da darussa na samar da wutar lantarki tare da biomass a Turai kafin 2000, masu samar da wutar lantarki na Burtaniya duk sun rungumi hanyar fasahar hada wuta kai tsaye. Tun daga farko, a taƙaice ta karɓi kuma cikin sauri ta watsar da mafi ƙarancin biomass da raba kwal. Injin niƙa (Co-Milling Coal Mill coupling), zuwa ga fasahar haɗa wutar lantarki ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki, duk sun ɗauki fasahar haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar Ciyarwa ko Fasahar haɗaɗɗen tanderu. Har ila yau, waɗannan cibiyoyin wutar lantarkin da aka haɓaka sun kuma gina wuraren ajiya, ciyarwa, da kuma ciyar da makamashin halittu daban-daban, kamar sharar gonaki, amfanin gona mai ƙarfi, da sharar daji. Duk da haka, babban sikelin kwal-kora wutar lantarki shuka biomass-haɗe da ikon samar da canji na iya har yanzu kai tsaye yin amfani da data kasance boilers, tururi injin janareta, shafukan da sauran ikon shuka, ma'aikatan shuka ikon, aiki da kuma kula model, grid wurare da wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu ., wanda zai iya inganta yawan amfani da kayan aiki Har ila yau, yana guje wa babban saka hannun jari a sabon makamashi da gina jiki. Shine mafi kyawun tsarin tattalin arziƙi don canji ko juzu'i na juzu'i daga kwal zuwa samar da wutar lantarki.

3. Jagoranci aikin

A shekara ta 2005, samar da wutar lantarki mai hade da biomass a Burtaniya ya kai kWh biliyan 2.533, wanda ya kai kashi 14.95% na makamashin da ake sabuntawa. A cikin 2018 da 2019, samar da wutar lantarki na biomass a Burtaniya ya zarce samar da wutar lantarki. Daga cikin su, babban aikinta na tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Drax, ya samar da wutar lantarki fiye da biliyan 13 na kwayoyin halitta tsawon shekaru uku a jere.